Source apportionment of PM10 in the Western Mediterranean based on observations from a cruise ship

摘要

Costa Pacifica during cruises in theWestern Mediterranean. Samples, mainly collected on an hourly basis,\udwere analysed with different techniques (Particle Induced X-Ray Emission, PIXE; Energy Dispersive - X\udRay Fluorescence, ED-XRF; Ion Chromatography, IC; Thermo-optical analysis) to retrieve the PM10\udcomposition and its time pattern. The data were used for obtaining information about the sources of\udaerosol, with a focus on ship emissions, through apportionment using chemical marker compounds,\udcorrelation analysis and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor modelling. For the campaign in\ud2010, 66% of the aerosol sulphate was found to be anthropogenic, only minor contributions of dust and\udsea salt sulphate were observed while the biogenic contribution, estimated based on the measurements\udof MSA, was found to be more important (26%), but influenced by large uncertainties. V and Ni were\udfound to be suitable tracers of ship emissions during the campaigns. Four sources of aerosol were\udresolved by the PMF analysis; the source having the largest impact on PM10, BC and sulphate was\udidentified as a mixed source, comprising emissions from ships. The correlations between sulphate and V\udand Ni showed the influence of ship emissions on sulphate in marine air masses. For the leg Palma\udeTunis crossing a main ship route, the correlations between aerosol sulphate and V and Ni were\udparticularly strong (r2 ¼ 0.9 for both elements)